Virginia Income Tax Calculator
Estimate your 2025 Virginia state and federal income tax. Includes Virginia tax brackets, a worked dollar example, and filing tips.
Virginia State Income Tax Overview
Virginia uses a graduated income tax with four brackets ranging from 2% to 5.75% for 2024. The brackets for single filers are: 2% on income up to $3,000; 3% on $3,001–$5,000; 5% on $5,001–$17,000; and 5.75% on income above $17,000. Virginia has not indexed its brackets for inflation, which means most taxpayers fall into the top 5.75% bracket relatively quickly — a single filer earning just $17,001 already pays the top rate on their last dollar of income. To illustrate with a real example: a single Virginia filer earning $60,000 in taxable income owes approximately $3,249 in state income tax — an effective rate of about 5.4%. Virginia provides a standard deduction of $8,000 for single filers and $16,000 for married couples filing jointly, significantly increased in recent years. The personal exemption is $930 per taxpayer and dependent. Virginia fully exempts Social Security income from state income tax, and provides an age deduction of $12,000 for residents 65 and older with income below certain thresholds. Active duty military pay earned outside Virginia is generally exempt, and Virginia provides a subtraction for military retirement income as well. Virginia also offers a refundable Earned Income Tax Credit equal to 15% of the federal credit, providing meaningful relief for lower-income working families.
Virginia Income Tax Brackets (2025)
These are the Virginia state income tax brackets for single filers. Only the income within each bracket is taxed at that rate — not your entire income.
| Taxable Income | Tax Rate |
|---|---|
| $0 – $3,000 | 2% |
| $3,000 – $5,000 | 3% |
| $5,000 – $17,000 | 5% |
| Over $17,000 | 5.75% |
Source: Virginia Department of Taxation. Brackets shown are for single filers. Married filing jointly thresholds may differ.
What a Virginia Resident Actually Pays: A Worked Example
Your effective tax rate is almost always lower than your top bracket. Here is how the math works for a single filer earning $65,000.
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Frequently Asked Questions — Virginia Income Tax
Does Virginia have a state income tax?
Yes. Virginia imposes a state income tax with a top marginal rate of 5.75%. This is separate from your federal income tax obligation.
What is the Virginia income tax rate for 2025?
Virginia uses a graduated income tax system with rates from 2% to 5.75%. Only the income within each bracket is taxed at that bracket's rate — not your entire income.
Do I have to file a Virginia state tax return?
Most full-year Virginia residents with income above the state filing threshold must file a state return. Check the Virginia Department of Taxation for current thresholds and requirements.
How accurate is this Virginia state tax estimate?
This is a planning estimate. The state result uses Virginia's published brackets but does not account for all state deductions, credits, exemptions, or local taxes. Verify with official Virginia tax forms or a qualified tax professional.
Does this calculator include federal income tax?
Yes. The results show your estimated Virginia state income tax and your federal income tax using 2025 federal brackets — your full combined picture in one place.
Where can I find official Virginia tax forms?
Official forms, instructions, and filing guidance are available at the Virginia Department of Taxation.
Understanding Your Virginia Tax Estimate
Your results show both your estimated federal income tax and your estimated Virginia state income tax as a combined picture. Here is how to read them and what to do next.
Federal vs. State Tax: Two Separate Bills
Federal income tax is owed to the IRS and is the same rate schedule for all U.S. residents regardless of where you live. Virginia state income tax is a separate obligation paid to the Virginia Department of Revenue. You file two separate returns — one federal (Form 1040) and one state — though they are often prepared together using tax software.
How the Estimate Is Calculated
This calculator applies the 2025 federal tax brackets to your taxable income (gross income minus the standard or itemized deduction), then applies Virginia's published state brackets to estimate your state liability. The result is a planning estimate — not a filed return. It does not account for all credits, deductions, or individual circumstances that could change your actual bill.
Marginal Rate vs. Effective Rate
Your marginal rate is the rate on your last dollar of income — it is the highest bracket you reach, not what you pay on all income. Your effective rate is your total tax divided by gross income, and is almost always meaningfully lower. For example, a single filer earning $75,000 may be in the 22% federal bracket but pay an effective federal rate of only 14-15%. The same principle applies to Virginia state brackets.
3 Ways to Reduce Your Virginia Tax Bill
- Maximize pre-tax retirement contributions. Traditional 401(k) and IRA contributions reduce your federal taxable income. Many states, including Virginia, also exclude these contributions from state taxable income, reducing both bills simultaneously.
- Claim all applicable deductions and credits. Many states offer credits for property taxes, dependent care, education, and energy-efficient home improvements that are separate from federal credits. Check the Virginia Department of Taxation for Virginia-specific credits.
- Consider the standard vs. itemized deduction. Some states allow itemized deductions even if you take the federal standard deduction — or have their own standard deduction amounts that differ from federal. Checking the state-specific rules can sometimes reveal additional savings.
What to Do After Getting Your Estimate
- If you expect to owe money, consider adjusting your W-4 withholding or making a state estimated tax payment to avoid a balance due at filing time.
- If you are self-employed, your SE tax is separate — use our self-employment tax calculator to estimate that additional obligation.
- To verify your numbers, use the official Virginia tax forms or consult a qualified tax professional familiar with Virginia tax law.
Disclaimer: Estimates for educational purposes only. State tax results are approximations based on published bracket data and do not account for all deductions, credits, exemptions, local taxes, or individual situations. Not tax, legal, or financial advice. Consult the Virginia Department of Taxation or a qualified tax professional for guidance specific to your situation.